IDLIB, Syria — The chief of an rebel group that guidelines a lot of northwest Syria rose to notoriety over the previous decade by claiming lethal bombings, threatening revenge in opposition to Western “crusader” forces and dispatching Islamist spiritual police to crack down on ladies deemed to be immodestly dressed.
Today the person generally known as Abu Mohammed al-Golani is making an attempt arduous to distance his group, Hayat Tahrir al Sham, generally known as HTS, from its al-Qaida origins, spreading a message of pluralism and spiritual tolerance.
As a part of the rebranding, he has cracked down on extremist factions and dissolved the infamous spiritual police. For the primary time in additional than a decade, a Mass was carried out just lately at a long-shuttered church in Idlib province.
Al-Golani instructed a latest gathering of spiritual and native officers that Islamic regulation shouldn’t be imposed by pressure. “We don’t want the society to become hypocritical so that they pray when they see us and don’t once we leave,” al-Golani stated, pointing to Saudi Arabia, which has relaxed its social controls in recent times after many years of strict Islamic rule.
The pivot comes at a time when al-Golani‘s group is increasingly isolated. Countries that had once backed insurgents in Syria’s uprising-turned-civil-war are restoring relations with Syrian President Bashar Assad.
Saudi Arabia, a one-time Assad foe, reversed course and led a push leading to Syria‘s return to the Arab League final week, after 12 years of regional isolation.
Even Turkey, the principle remaining state backer of armed opposition teams in Syria, has signaled a shift. Last week, the Turkish international minister met together with his Syrian counterpart in Moscow, the primary such assembly since 2011. The international ministers of Russia and Iran, Assad’s fundamental allies, additionally attended.
The assembly marked a major step towards Damascus and Ankara restoring ties, even because the presence of Turkish troops in northwest Syria stays a sticking level.
At the identical time, the United States considers HTS a terrorist group and has provided a $10 million reward for data on al-Golani’s whereabouts. The United Nations additionally designates it a terrorist group.
Earlier this month, the U.S. and Turkey collectively slapped sanctions on two individuals who allegedly raised cash for militant teams, together with HTS.
Al-Golani rose to prominence within the early months of the Syrian rebellion in 2011, when he turned the chief of al-Qaida’s department in Syria, identified on the time because the Nusra Front. Militants and high officers from Osama bin Laden’s al-Qaida flocked to the group’s base of operations in northern Syria, the place lots of them have been later killed in U.S. strikes.
In July 2016, the Nusra Front modified its title to Fatah al-Sham Front and stated it was slicing ties with al-Qaida, in what was seen by many as an try to enhance its picture. Fatah al-Sham later merged with a number of different teams and have become Hayat Tahrir al Sham.
During that interval, al-Golani confirmed his face publicly for the primary time and adjusted his model of gown from white turbans and robes to shirts and trousers. His fighters went after Islamic State group militants who fled to Idlib after their defeat and cracked down on Horas al-Din or “Guardians of Religion,” one other militant group that features hardcore al-Qaida members who broke away from HTS.
The change in al-Golani’s public picture seems to not have impressed the U.S. authorities.
Posts on social media accounts of the U.S. authorities’s Rewards for Justice present a photograph of al-Golani carrying a lightweight blue shirt and darkish blue blazer with a caption in Arabic that reads: “Hello, handsome al-Golani. Nice shirt. You can change your uniform, but you will always be a terrorist. Don’t forget the $10 million reward.”
In 2017, HTS arrange a so-called “salvation government” to run day-to-day affairs within the area. At first, it tried to implement a strict interpretation of Islamic regulation. Religious police have been tasked with ensuring that girls have been lined, with solely their faces and palms displaying. Its members would pressure retailers to shut on Fridays so that folks might attend the weekly prayers. Playing music was banned, as was smoking water pipes in public.
In March 2020, Russia and Turkey, which help rival teams within the battle, reached a truce. Since then, rebel-held northwestern Syria has witnessed relative calm, and HTS centered its efforts on cracking down on the remnants of IS and different jihadist teams. The International Crisis Group suppose tank, in a report earlier this 12 months, stated HTS has developed and “distanced itself from global jihadism.”
HTS has additionally generally portrayed itself as a defender of minorities within the primarily Sunni Arab northwest.
In March, members of a Turkish-backed armed group shot lifeless 4 Kurdish males within the city of Jinderis as they lit a hearth to have fun the Kurdish new 12 months. Al-Golani met with the victims’ households and different Kurdish residents of the world and promised revenge in opposition to the perpetrators.
In a 2021 interview with PBS, al-Golani referred to as his group’s terrorist designation “unfair” and “political,” saying that whereas he had criticized Western insurance policies within the area, “we didn’t say we want to fight (them).”
Al-Golani stated his involvement with al-Qaeda has ended, and that even previously his group was “against carrying out operations outside of Syria.”
The State Department stated in a press release that al-Golani stays a delegated terrorist and that it doesn’t touch upon potential deliberations about altering such designations.
Aron Lund, a fellow with the Century International analysis middle, stated he believes it’s unlikely the U.S. will take away HTS and al-Golani from its terrorism record. “As far as I can tell, the U.S. government remains genuinely concerned about the group’s links to global jihadism,” Lund stated.
Waiel Olwan, a researcher on the Turkey-based suppose tank Jusoor for Studies, stated he believes al-Golani is making an attempt to point out he’s accountable for Idlib and to ensure a spot for himself in Syria as soon as the battle ends.
Asim Zedan, an activist whose group tracks violations by HTS, stated the continuing terror designation is a blow to al-Golani’s self-image.
“After forming the salvation government and setting up ministries, al-Golani now sees himself as a head of state,” Zedan stated.
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Mroue reported from Beirut.
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